Вариант 5
Грамматика: Infinitive. Forms and Functions. Bare Infinitive
Infinitive Constructions: Objective, Nominative, For-to-Infinitive
Participle. Forms and Functions. Participial Constructions
Gerund. Gerundial Construction
Задание 1. Перепечатайте предложения. Вставьте инфинитив в нужной форме и
переведите предложение на русский язык.
13.He suggested the current financial situation … at the meeting. (to discuss)
A. to have discussed C. to have been discussed E. to discuss
B. to be discussed D. to be discussing F. to have been discussing
14.He wouldn’t like the management … him to this post. (to appoint)
A. to appoint C. to be appointing E. to have appointed
B. to be appointed D. to have been appointed F. to have been appointing
15.The company happened … the test equipment when we entered into negotiations.
(to deliver)
A. to have delivered C. to be delivering E. to deliver
B. to have been delivered D. to have been delivering
F. to be delivered

Задание 2. Перепечатайте предложения, поставьте частицу to, где необходимо.
Объясните причину отсутствия частицы to. Переведите предложение на русский
язык.
13.An order cheque can … be cashed at the bank.
14.We find your prices … be very high.
15.We made the sellers … pack the goods according to the requirements of the
contract.

Задание 3. Перепечатайте предложения. Измените их, используя Infinitive вместо
подчёркнутых слов. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.
13.The initial payment that is to be made within 12 months of the date of completion of
deliveries was mentioned in the contract.
14.It was one of the possible ways that can help us to satisfy the needs of target
customers.
15.They are the first who should transfer the money to the company account.

Задание 4. Перепечатайте предложения. Замените сложные предложения или
группы предложений простыми предложениями с инфинитивным оборотом Complex
Object. Переведите полученное предложение на русский язык.
1. He is a good customer. We knew it.
2. You will open a credit at the Alpha Bank. They expect it.
3. We can send the consignment now. Would you like it?

Задание 5. Перепечатайте предложения. Закончите их, используя "for-to-Infinitive
Construction". Переведите предложение на русский язык.
13.A strict cost-cutting campaign is very important (next month; to launch; our
company).
14.The real results of the reorganization were obvious (to see; the shareholders).
15.If the competitors continue discounting heavily with a consequent reduction in retail
price it will be very important (to consider; three options to solve this problem; we).

Задание 6. Перепечатайте предложения с Complex Subject. Вставьте сказуемое в
нужной форме и переведите предложение на русский язык.
13.Each member … to be present at the meeting. (to be supposed)
14.The negotiator … to be prepared to consider a joint training program. (to seem)
15.The wholesaler … to take a profit either by adding to the manufacturer’s price or by
charging a commission to the retailer. (to be sure)

Задание 7. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните инфинитивные обороты.
Определите, какой инфинитивный оборот употреблён в предложении. Переведите
предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму инфинитива
1. I would like him to agree on a matter of mutual interest upon the terms and
conditions of the contract.
2. They seem to arrive to the conference and then go straight out again to eat.
3. It is not enough for the manager to simply announce a time of the meeting and
distribute a memorandum to attendees.

Задание 8. Выберите правильный вариант перевода выделенной части
предложения. Переведите предложение на русский язык.
6. Various groups and individuals compete for scarce productive resources used for
producing various goods and services.
A. производя C. производившиеся
B. производства D. производящие
2. Economics as a comprehensive theory studying how society works is relatively new.
A. изучившая C. изученная
B. изучающаяся D. изучающая
3. The firm produces more goods increasing labor resources.
A. увеличив C. увеличившись
B. увеличивая D. увеличиваясь

Задание 9. Выберите нужную форму Participle I. Переведите предложение на
русский язык.
1. … goods and services, firm can direct the financial resources on the development of
production.
A. Being produced B. Producing C. Having produced
2. Partners … the business, try to increase its profitability.
A. being managedB. managing C. having managed D. having been managed
4. Nations, … against recession, must cut social spending.
A. fighting B. having been fought C. having fought D. being fought
Задание 10. Перепечатайте предложения. Замените выделенную часть
предложения соответствующей формой Participle I. Переведите полученное
предложение на русский язык.
5. The first art, which man learned, is economics.
A. having learned B. learning C. being learned
? When economics studies a nation’s economy as a whole, we have
macroeconomics.
A. studying B. being studied C. having studed
? As the subject of economic has developed rapidly, there are now many
branches of it.
A. developing B. being developed C. having developed D. having been
developed

Задание 11. Перепечатайте предложения. Определите, какой формой глагола
является выделенное слово: Participle II или Past Simple. Переведите полученное
предложения на русский язык.
1. The term “mixed economy“ stands for an economic order in which some economic
decisions are taken by the market mechanism and some collectively.
2. Collectivism is the system whereby economic decisions are taken collectively by
planning committees and implemented through direction of resources either centrally or at
local level.
3. Under collectivism planning committees are appointed.
Задание 12. Перепечатайте предложения. Вставьте Participle I или Participle II.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
13.Labor refers to the use of mental or physical work … goods. (to produce)
14.Products … from a factory to the market, are considered as goods. (to move).
15.The term … in many languages. is business. (to use)
Задание 13. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните причастные обороты.
Переведите предложение на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму причастия.
13. Murphy was seen taking the test by the Department manager.
14. We heard him asking to give the university graduate this job.
15. They heard us discussing our boss’ decision.
Задание 14. Перепечатайте предложения. Определите, чем является выделенное
слово: Participle I, Gerund, Verbal Noun. Переведите предложение на русский язык.
A) The most important thing for a manager is knowing one’s job perfectly.
B) Being able to motivate, inspire and lead people is one of important qualities for a
manager.
C) The ultimate goal of management is making use of labor resources.
Задание 15. Перепечатайте предложения, подчеркните герундиальные обороты.
Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму герундия.
? I don’t mind your reading this letter at once.
?They didn’t object to my returning there two weeks later.
? It depends on market responding to change in the world.
Задание 16. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания
I. Layoutis the arrangementofworkspace, equipment, products, rooms, doors, passageways,
andsooninaplaceofbusiness. Anefficientlayouthelpstoincreaseworkerproductivityandkeep
costsdown. Itismuchbettertoplanagoodlayoutbeforetheplantisconstructedthantodesigna
layouttosuitbuildings alreadybuilt. Twogeneraltypes offactorylayoutare associatedwithtwo
basic methods of production. The continuous production method uses whatis called a product
layout. Intermittentproductionemploys aprocess orfunctionallayout. There are bothadvantages
anddisadvantagestothesetypesoflayout.
II. One advantage of productlayoutis thatthe use of assembly lines usually has lowerunit
costs thanothermethods have. This lowerunitcostcanbe attributedtoacombinationoffactors.
Machines and assembly lines can move the productthrough the production process quickly and
efficiently. Rawmaterials are consumedatfixedrates thatare easilycontrolled. This makes large
inventoriesandstorageunnecessary. Anotheradvantageisthatbycontrollingandcoordinatingthe
use of machines, scheduling and routing are simplified so that bottlenecks are eliminated.
Furthermore, finishedproductsrollofftheassemblylineatonepointwheretheycanbeeasilyand
quicklystacked, palletized,loaded, andshipped. Finally, controlandsupervisionare simplifiedby
usingproductlayoutsinceeachworkerhasaspecificassignmentontheline.
III. A disadvantageofthistypeoflayoutisthatabreakdownatanypointontheassemblyline
usually results in a totalshutdown of the line. Also, specialized machinery which is noteasily
adaptedtootherusesanduniforminterchangeablepartsareusuallyrequiredforproductlayout. The
resultisthatthere are notmanydesignchanges orimprovementswhichcanbe madetoaproduct
once production has started. A high volume is necessary to insure lowunitcosts, butthe rate of
production can be increased only by purchasing additionalproduction equipmentorby adding a
secondshiftofworkers. Finally, employee morale andworkmanship cansufferbecause assembly
lineworkisgenerallyroutineandboring.
IV. Inaprocessorfunctionallayout, machines, materials, andworkersaregroupedaccordingto25
theparticularprocesseachperforms.
Anadvantageofprocesslayoutisthatthereisflexibilityinthetypesofproductsmanufactured,
the assignments ofworkers, andthe uses ofmachines. Generalpurpose machines canbe usedfor
process layout, and these machines are usually less expensive and do notbecome obsolete as
quickly as specialized assembly line machinery does. Machines operate independently of each
other, andabreakdownofone machinewouldnotresultinatotalline shutdownand, therefore, a
complete haltinproduction. Differentjobs are done indifferentareas; inthis wayinterference is
reduced. An advantage forworkers is thatthey each have aspecificjob which they can identify
withandtakepridein.
V. A disadvantage ofprocess layoutis thatthere is nodefinite line inwhichmaterials move;
therefore, theytendtomovelessefficiently. Specialroutingandcostanalysisarenecessaryforeach
joborder. Flexibilityofproductdemandsthattherebealargerinventoryofrawmaterials, sincethe
amountof specific materials foreach productorjob ordermay vary. Generally, there is slower
productivity with process layout, and production volume is restricted. If demand fora product
increasessubstantially, itisoftenmoreefficienttochangetoproductlayoutforaspecialproduct.
X) Перепечатайте и переведите письменно III часть текста.
Y) Найдите слова в тексте к следующим определениям:
1. Production expenses divided by the number of items produced.
2. Plan for placemen of machines and workers.
3. Raw materials and unsold products in storage.
Z) Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию из текста.
1. What is the advantage of product layout?
2. What measures can help to increase the rate of production?
3. Is there any advantage for workers in case of process layout?
AA) В какой части текста говорится
1. об основных двух типах схем организации работы фабрик?
2. о последствиях остановки конвейерной линии?
3. о том, что при указанных условиях рабочие могут гордиться своей работой?
BB) Определите, является ли данное предложение: истинным, ложным или
в тексте нет об этом информации.
1. A line organization has the advantage of being too inflexible.
2. A disadvantage is that if something goes wrong on the assembly line, the entire line
cannot be closed down.
3. With product layout, the factory is designed especially for a certain product.
CC) Определите главную мысль текста.
1. Production volume.
2. Lowering unit costs.
3. The two basic types of factory layout